spanish drug cartel operations

spanish drug cartel operations

Drug trafficking in Spain is growing rapidly. In 2019, more than 20,000 drug arrests were made. 1.5 million marijuana plants , almost 38 tons of cocaine and 350 tons of hashish were found .

Drug trafficking in Spain is worth more than 6 billion euros a year. This is 0.5% of the country’s GDP.

Spanish cartels are adapting to new situations, such as the pandemic. They use marijuana production and smuggling from Eastern Europe. Spain receives hashish from Morocco and cocaine from Latin America .

It is a major cannabis producer, with land distribution routes.

Cartel leadership changes with clashes and attacks on police. Money laundering is key to laundering their profits. Despite efforts, drug trafficking remains a major problem in Spain.

Key points

• Significant increase in drug seizures and drug- related arrests in Spain
• Drug cartels adapt to new circumstances, including the pandemic
• Spain as a recipient of hashish from Morocco and cocaine from Latin America , and producer of marijuana
• Violence between rival gangs and attacks against law enforcement
• Money laundering as a key activity for criminal groups
• Social and economic impact of drug trafficking on affected communities

The panorama of drug trafficking in Spain

Drug trafficking is a major problem in Spain. It is a key country for the entry of drugs into Europe. Production, reception and distribution networks work well.

Over the past few decades, drug trafficking has changed a lot. It has adapted to new markets and challenged the authorities.

The evolution of drug trafficking in Spain has seen the rise of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and hashish . These are now the drugs most sought after by criminals.

Evolution of drug trafficking in Spain

In the 1980s and 1990s, heroin was the biggest problem. Now, cocaine , marijuana and hashish are the most important drugs.

In 2020, more than 37 tons of cocaine, 355 tons of hashish and 1.5 million marijuana plants were seized. These figures show the scale of the problem.

Main drugs trafficked: marijuana, cocaine and hashish

Marijuana is the most trafficked drug in Spain. Cannabis crops have grown significantly, especially in Andalusia , Catalonia and the Valencian Community.

Cocaine is very lucrative for criminals. Spain is a major entry point for cocaine from Latin America. The ports of Algeciras, Valencia and Barcelona are key.

In 2019, the National Police dismantled the largest drug trafficking network in the world, run from the Valencian Community. In Operation Mentor, 50 people were arrested and 1,500 kilos of cocaine were seized.

Hashish trafficking between Spain and Morocco is stable. Despite security efforts, mafias continue to work together to bring drugs into the country.

Drug trafficking in Spain is a constant challenge. Authorities must adapt and improve their strategies to combat this problem.

Drug trafficking routes to Spain

Spain is a major entry point for drugs into Europe. Trafficking routes come from various places around the world. In 2021, 303 tonnes of cocaine were seized in the EU, with Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands leading the way.

In 2023, Spain saw a surge in cocaine seizures . 11 tons were found in Valencia and Vigo in December of that year.

Spain’s location makes drug trafficking easier. Criminals are looking for new trafficking routes to evade the authorities.

The southern route: cocaine from Latin America

The southern route brings cocaine from Latin America to Spain. In 2007, 180,000 hectares of coca were cultivated in the Andean region. This generated about 1,000 tons of pure cocaine.

Of these, 250 tons were sent to Europe. Bolivia, Peru and Colombia are the main producers of coca.

It is estimated that around 50 tonnes of cocaine pass through West Africa each year before reaching Europe, which is equivalent to one fifth of the total amount entering the European Union.

Hashish from Morocco

The Moroccan hashish route is another important one to Spain. Spain is a major market for hashish, scoring 7.50 for the cannabis and cocaine trade.

Morocco’s proximity to Spain facilitates the trafficking of hashish. Speedboats and fishing boats are used to transport large quantities of hashish.

To combat drug trafficking, it is suggested to improve international cooperation and implement appropriate public policies. The Ministry of the Interior allocated 36.9 million euros to combat drug trafficking in Andalusia . However, corruption remains a challenge.

The marijuana boom in Spain

The marijuana boom in Spain is in full swing. It is now grown in 13 of the country’s 17 regions. Marijuana trafficking has become a solid, low-risk activity. This is due to criminal gangs from Eastern Europe establishing themselves in Spain.

The Spanish countryside, with its vast expanses and little surveillance, is ideal for growing marijuana. In addition, industrial estates in medium-sized cities are perfect for hiding these plantations. Marijuana cultivation has been detected in regions such as Andalusia , Catalonia and Galicia.

• Andalusia
• Catalonia
• Valencian Community
• Galicia
• Castile-La Mancha
• Murcia
• Estremadura
• Aragon
• Castile and Leon
• the Basque Country
• Balearic Islands
• Canary Islands
• Navarre

Marijuana trafficking in Spain brings huge economic benefits to criminal gangs. It is estimated that they generate around 3 billion euros annually. This shows how big the problem is.

The cultivation and trafficking of marijuana are very lucrative for criminal gangs. They take advantage of the favorable conditions in our country to expand their illegal activities.

Spanish authorities are fighting this criminal phenomenon, but they face major challenges. They lack resources and personnel, and drug traffickers have more technology. This complicates the fight against marijuana trafficking.

The increase in dismantled plantations and confiscated marijuana shows the serious problem faced by the Spanish authorities. It is essential to reinforce efforts and resources to combat this crime. This is vital for the security and well-being of Spanish society.

Criminal organizations involved in drug trafficking

Drug trafficking in Spain involves many criminal organisations . These range from local groups to international mafias. Despite efforts to combat it, the number of gangs continues to grow.

In 2019, CITCO reported 504 gangs in Spain, an increase of 4% on the previous year.

Spanish and British groups

Spanish and British gangs are key players in drug trafficking. They have found in marijuana a lucrative, albeit violent, source of income. Clashes between rival gangs for control of the market are common.

An internal CITCO report shows that Spaniards are the leaders in drug trafficking.

Eastern European mafias

Eastern European mafias also operate in Spain. They are known for their brutality and efficiency. They have established drug distribution networks throughout the country.

This has led to increased drug-related violence , with armed clashes.

Chinese organizations

Chinese criminal organisations have entered the drug trade in Spain . They use their international networks and move large amounts of money. They specialise in synthetic drugs such as methamphetamine and fentanyl.

Cooperation between Spain and China has been key to combating these networks.

The diversity of criminal organisations involved in drug trafficking in Spain shows its complexity and global reach. From local groups to international mafias, drug trafficking is a lucrative business that attracts criminals from all over the world.

To tackle this problem, a comprehensive approach is needed. This includes police action, international cooperation, and drug prevention and treatment policies. This can weaken criminal organisations and protect society.

The Costa del Sol: a centre for drug distribution and transport

The Costa del Sol , in Malaga, is a major drug hub in Spain. This tourist area, famous for its beaches and climate, is also a hotbed of organised crime.

Civil Guard investigators say the Costa del Sol is key for drug trafficking. Criminals use ports such as Cadiz and Seville to transport drugs. One officer explains: “In the same way that you can send tomatoes to Europe, you can send anything else . “

“The Costa del Sol is the gateway for drugs in Spain. From here, they are distributed to the rest of the country and to Europe.” – Civil Guard agent

Once they arrive, the drugs are distributed throughout the country and Europe. The Costa del Sol has a transport network that helps move these drugs.

Fighting drug trafficking on the Costa del Sol is difficult:

• Maritime traffic and port operations are complex, making it difficult to detect drugs.
• Criminals have resources to avoid the police.
• Corruption and infiltration of institutions complicate the fight against drug trafficking .

Drug trafficking remains a major problem on the Costa del Sol. Working together and improving research is key to combating it.

The case of La Linea de la Concepcion in Cadiz

La Línea de la Concepción , in Cádiz , is a place with a lot of attention due to drug trafficking. This activity has changed the local economy and caused problems such as unemployment and crime.

Drug trafficking as an economic driver of society

In La Línea de la Concepción , drug trafficking is what sustains the economy. Many are looking to make quick and easy money, since legal jobs do not pay well.

With unemployment high, especially among young people, making money in drug trafficking is attractive. For example, a young man can earn 1,000 euros for being a security guard, 3,000 euros for unloading packages on the beach and 30,000 euros for transporting drugs.

Drug money flows into local banks and businesses, making the economy dependent on this illegal activity, making it difficult to combat.

High unemployment rates and their relationship with drug trafficking

La Línea de la Concepción has high unemployment, with more than 30% out of work. Without many legal opportunities, many, especially young people, seek income in drug trafficking.

The lack of effective economic and political alternatives to unemployment keeps drug trafficking in La Línea de la Concepción. An approach that combats drug trafficking and creates legal jobs is key.

The situation in La Línea de la Concepción shows the need for urgent intervention. The authorities must take action against drug trafficking, promote economic development and offer jobs to the people.

Drug-related violence

Drug-related violence in Spain has increased significantly in recent years. Clashes between gangs and attacks on law enforcement are more common and violent. This is particularly the case on the southern coasts of the country.

The Costa del Sol and Cadiz are places where this violence is most common. Criminal gangs fight to control drug routes. They are not afraid to use force to protect their interests.

Clashes between rival gangs

Gang conflicts are a major problem in Spain. These gangs, with members from several countries, fight for control of drugs. They want to be the masters of the entry and distribution routes.

These clashes are very violent. There are shootouts and fights that kill many people. Sometimes these fights spill over into the streets, putting people in danger.

Attacks against law enforcement

Drug traffickers also target security forces. Attacks on Civil Guard and National Police officers have increased. These attacks are intended to intimidate the authorities and protect their drug operations.

In the last four years, five Civil Guard officers have lost their lives as a result of being run over, attacked or murdered by drug traffickers.

Drug traffickers use vehicles as weapons. They ram or intentionally run over officers. They want to show their strength and prevent the authorities from stopping them from working.

Drug violence is a major challenge for Spain. Authorities must fight dangerous and well-armed criminal organisations. A strong response from all those involved is needed.

Anti-drug operations in Andalusia

Spanish authorities have stepped up their efforts against drug trafficking in Andalusia. This is especially true in coastal areas and the Guadalquivir River. In April, the National Police arrested 63 people and found 13 drug boats.

In addition, 12.3 tons of hashish and 634 kilograms of cocaine were seized. This was a very important operation.

On April 16, Spain and Portugal carried out a joint operation in Cadiz. 31 people were arrested for working with a drug trafficking network. 628 kilos of cocaine were found.

Cocaine seizures in Cadiz increased sharply between 2021 and 2022:

These figures show the importance of combating drug trafficking in Andalusia. Maintaining pressure on criminal networks is key. Spanish authorities continue to work to reduce drug trafficking.

“The fight against drug trafficking requires a coordinated and sustained effort by law enforcement. We will continue to work tirelessly to eradicate this threat and protect our communities.” – Spokesperson for the Spanish National Police.

International collaboration is key to combating drug trafficking. Cooperation and information sharing are essential. This is how authorities can confront transnational criminal networks.

Spanish Drug Cartel Operations: Inside Look

Drug cartel operations in Spain have changed a lot in recent years. Southern Spain is an important gateway for cocaine trafficking . But several factors have caused this route to grow a lot recently.

Coca leaf cultivation and cocaine production in South America have increased sharply. This has led to more cocaine seizures in Spain. Last year, almost 142 tons were seized, an increase of 142% compared to 2022.

The port of Algeciras in Cadiz is very active and attractive for organised crime. They ship cocaine in contaminated containers . The more the containers move, the more difficult it is to find the hidden drugs.

11 tons of cocaine were seized in two operations. Twenty people were arrested, most of them Albanians. There were also a Colombian, a Dominican and several Spaniards.

Albanian mafias dominate drug transport in Europe and Latin America. They are gaining influence in Spanish drug cartels.

Cocaine trafficking in Europe has changed. It is now more open and international. In 2021, Belgium and the Netherlands became the main trafficking centres, overtaking Spain.

These changes show how Spanish drug cartels are evolving. They are working more closely together and adapting to changes in the market and laws.

Alliances between Spanish clans and transnational criminal organizations

In recent years, Spanish clans have formed alliances with criminal organisations from other countries. These alliances have helped the criminal groups expand their operations. Now, they can sell more drugs on the market.

Investigations have shown that these groups work together. Criminals from other countries come to Spain to join forces with locals. They seek to use Spanish routes and resources to move cocaine.

Previously, drug trafficking in Spain was centred on hashish. Now, cocaine trafficking has increased . This shows that alliances between groups are growing.

Alliances between Spanish clans and transnational criminal organisations have allowed these criminal groups to diversify their activities and expand their reach in drug trafficking, taking advantage of routes and logistics previously established for hashish trafficking.

These alliances are a major challenge for the Spanish authorities. They help the groups avoid detection and continue their illegal activities.

To combat this, it is key to work together with other countries. A coordinated effort can help dismantle these alliances. This way, we can better fight drug trafficking.

The role of Spanish ports in cocaine trafficking

Spanish ports are key to cocaine trafficking to Europe. They are entry points for shipments from Latin America and West Africa. Spain, with its strategic location and port activity, attracts criminal organisations.

The port of Algeciras: one of the busiest in Europe

The port of Algeciras , in southern Spain, is very active in cocaine trafficking. Its proximity to Africa and its high transport activity make it an ideal spot for criminals. They take advantage of maritime traffic to hide their shipments in containers.

In 2021, Spain imported $5.3 billion worth of crude oil from Nigeria. This represents 20% of its crude oil imports. Drug traffickers use similar routes to bring cocaine to Europe through Spanish ports .

Record seizures of cocaine in contaminated containers

Spanish authorities have seized large quantities of cocaine, especially in Algeciras. In 2021, 9.5 tons of cocaine from Ecuador were found. This discovery shows the great challenge for law enforcement.

There has been an increase in contaminated containers arriving in southern Spain. Some come from Latin American countries, others stop in West Africa. This strategy aims to avoid controls and detect the drugs.

Between January 2019 and January 2021, West Africa had the highest number of cocaine seizures.

Cocaine trafficking in West Africa peaked in 2008-2009. It then declined, but has grown again. Strengthening international cooperation and surveillance in Spanish ports is key .

Challenges for Spanish authorities in the fight against drug trafficking

The fight against drug trafficking in Spain faces major challenges. The authorities face obstacles that complicate their work. Despite their efforts, the situation is becoming increasingly difficult for several reasons.

Lack of resources and personnel

Spanish authorities are fighting drug trafficking with few resources and personnel. Police associations are calling for more officers and specialised units. They also need more support from the government.

The situation in Spain is not as serious as in cities like Medellin, Colombia. But there are fears that it will get worse if no action is taken. The lack of personnel and resources limits the capacity of law enforcement.

Technological superiority of drug traffickers

Drug traffickers have more technology than the Spanish authorities. In recent years, more assault weapons have been found. This shows their power.

Smugglers have fast and powerful boats. This gives them a huge advantage over law enforcement. One Guardia Civil officer said: “It’s like pitting a Mercedes-AMG against a Nissan Primera.”

Drug traffickers also use speedboats to transport drugs. This makes it difficult to intercept them. Sometimes, there are 10 to 15 boats at the same time, which is a big challenge.

“The fight against drug trafficking requires a joint effort from all institutions. It is essential to have the necessary resources and to be up to date technologically.”

In conclusion, the lack of resources and personnel, and the technological superiority of drug traffickers are major challenges. It is vital to address these problems in a comprehensive manner. In this way, law enforcement can be strengthened to combat drug trafficking.

Social and economic impact of drug trafficking on affected communities

Drug trafficking has a profound impact on communities. Not only does it cause violence and insecurity, but it also damages the identity and reputation of the affected areas. This can drive away investors and professionals, limiting economic growth.

Drug trafficking can generate good income for its participants. Security guards and transporters can earn up to 4,000 euros per day. Drug boat drivers can receive between 30,000 and 60,000 euros per trip.

Drug trafficking does not only benefit those who practice it. Communities lose resources for education and health. This discourages legitimate investment and limits local economic opportunities.

It’s a very lucrative business, but also very difficult to leave once you’re in.

Drug trafficking also undermines social cohesion. Violence and corruption weaken trust in institutions. This can lead to the marginalisation of young people in these areas.

In conclusion, drug trafficking has a deep and lasting impact on communities. It is essential to address it with prevention and social development policies. This way, legitimate economic alternatives can be offered to these areas.

Conclusion

Drug cartel operations in Spain are a major challenge. Despite police efforts, the problem continues. Collaboration between European mafias and Latin American cartels has increased the arrival of drugs into the country.

To combat drug trafficking, a comprehensive approach is needed. This includes a strong police presence and adequate prison sentences. Investing in training and employment of young people in affected communities is also key .

Private capital and investor confidence are needed to transform these areas. This way, they can move away from the image of drugs and crime. With investment and employment, these communities can change their image and free themselves from the cartels.

The fight against drug trafficking in Spain is an ongoing effort. It requires the collaboration of all sectors of society. Together, we can build a safe and prosperous future for all.